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Liability of Search and Rescuers - Part 8Liability of Search and Rescuers - Part 8
References
1 Law Reform Commission of Canada, Working Paper 46; Omissions, Negligence and Endangering (Ottawa: Law Reform Commission of Canada, 1985) at 17. 2 Leon Sheleff, The Bystander (Toronto, Lexington Books, 1978) at 101. 3 Brandon vs. Osborne Garrett & Co. (1924) 1 K.B. 548. 4 Ibid, p. 549. 5 Ibid, p. 552. 6 A. H. Low, "Vilenti, Duty and the Rescuer" (1959) Faculty of Law Review University of Toronto. 128. 7 Supra, note 3. 8 Allen M. Linden, "Rescuers and Good Samaritans" (1971) The Modern Law Review 241 at 257. 9 Allen M. Linden, Canadian Tort Law, 3rd ed. (Toronto, Butterwroth & Co. 1982) at 374. 10 Ibid, p. 374. 11 Ould's vs. Butler's Wharf(1953) 2 Lloyd's Rep. 44. 12 Ibid. 13 Supra, note 8 at 256. 14 Haynes vs. Harwood (1935) 1 K. B. 146. 15 Ibid 16 Ibid 17 Ibid., p. 152 18 Ibid., p. 153 19 Eckert vs. Long Island Railway Co.(1871) 43 N.Y. 502. 20 Supra, note 8. 21 Supra, note 14 at 164. 22 J. Tiley, "The Rescue Principle" (1967) The Modern Law Review 25 at 26. 23 Supra, note 6 at 121. 24 Supra, note 22 at 28. 25 Supra, note 14. 26 Ibid. 27 Supra, note 19. 28 Baker vs. T. E. Hopkins(1958) 3 All E.R. 147. 29 Ibid., p. 153. 30 Ibid., p. 152. 31 Videan vs. British Transport Commission(1963) 2 All E.R. 860. 32 Ibid., p. 868. 33 Ibid., at p. 867. 34 William L. Prosser, Law of Torts 3rd ed. (St. Paul., Minn.: West Publishing Co., (1964) 315. 35 Supra, note 6 at 124. 36 Supra, note 19. 37 Supra, note 19. 38 Supra, note 19. 39 A. L. Goodhart, "Rescue and Voluntary Assumption of Risk"(1971)The Modern Law Review192 at 196. 40 Liming vs. Illinois Central Railway(1890) 47 N.W. 66. 41 Supra, note 39 at 198. 42 Infra, p. 4. 43 Wagner vs. International Railway Co.(1921) 133 N.E. 437. 44 Ibid. 45 Ibid. 46 Supra, note 39 at 197. 47 Pittsburgh Railway vs. Lynch(1903) 68 N.E. 703. 48 Ibid. 49 Highland vs. Wilsonian Investment Co.(1933) 17 P. 2nd 631. 50 Ibid, p. 634. 51 Ibid. 52 Supra, note 43. 53 Natasio vs. Cinnamon(1956 295 W.W. 2nd, 117. 54 Ibid., p. 121. 55 Ibid., p. 120. 56 Ibid. 57 Gillespie vs. Washington(1978) 395 AA., 2nd 18. 58 Ibid. 59 Black Industries vs. Emco Helicopters Inc.,(1978) 577 P. 2d 610. 60 Supra, note 57. 61 Supra, note 59 at 611. 62 Ibid. 63 Maltman vs. Sauer (1975) 530 P. 2d. 254. 64 Ibid, p. 257. 65 Ibid., p. 257. 66 Ibid, p. 256. 67 Supra, note 59. 68 Supra, note 63. 69 Supra, note 59 at 612. 70 Kimball Vs. Butler Brothers(1970) 15 O.W.R. 221. 71 Ibid, p. 223. 72 Seymour vs. Winnipeg Electric Railway(1970) 13 W.L.R. 566. 73 Ibid., p. 556. 74 Ibid., p. 568. 75 Supra., note 72. 76 Ibid, p. 568. 77 Ibid., p. 566. 78 Haigh vs. Grand Trunk Pacific Railway Co.(1914) 8 A.L.R. 153. 79 Ibid. 80 Ibid, p. 155. 81 Dupuis vs. New Regina Trading Co. Ltd.(1943) 4 D.L.R. 275. 82 Ibid, p. 284. 83 Ibid. 84 Supra, note 39. 85 Supra, note 81. 86 Supra, note 81 at 275. 87 Cecil A. Wright, "Case Commentary"(1943) 21 Canadian Bar Review 758. 88 Supra, note 81. 89 Supra, note 81 at 275. 90 Supra, note 87 at 765. 91 Supra, note 28. 92 Ibid. 93 C.N.R. vs. Bakty(1977) 18 O.R. (2d) 481. 94 Supra, note 31. 95 Supra, note 31 at 669. 96 Horsley vs. McLaren(1972) 22 D.L.R. (3d) 545. 97 Wright. Linden & Klar, Canadian Tor Law, Cases, Notes and Materials, 8th ed. (Toronto: Butterworths & Co., 1985) at 9-54. 98 Supra, note 96. 99 Supra, note 31. 100 East Suffolk Rivers Catchment Board vs. Kent(1949) A.C. 74 (in Horsley vs. McLaren). 101 Ibid. 102 Supra, note 97 at 9-53. 103 Supra, note 96. 104 Supra, note 96 at 552. 105 Cleary vs. Hansen1981) 18 C.C.L.T. 147. 107 Supra, note 8 at 257. 108 Supra, note 105. 109 Toy vs. Argenti1980 17 B.C.L.R. 365. 110 Supra note 87 at 758. 111 See also Workers Compensation Act, R.S.B.C. 1979, c. 437, s. 10(2). For a discussion regarding the possible application of this section see Infra, p. 49. 112 Supra, note 2 at 102. 113 Ibid, p.110. 114 Supra, note 8 at 242. 115 Supra, note 2 at 101. 116 Supra, note 2 at 108. 117 Ibid. 118 Ibid. 119 Ibid, p. 109. 120 John P. Dawson, "Negotiorum Gestio: The Altrustic Intermeddler" (1961) Harvard Law Review 1073 at 1107. 121 Ibid, p. 1108. 122 Under section 2 of the Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms R.S.Q. 1975 c-12. 123 Heaven vs. Pender (1883) 11 Q.B.D. 503. 124 Ibid, p. 509. 125 Ibid. 126 Supra, note 2 at 107. 127 Supra, note 97 at 16-10. 128 Donoghue vs. Stevenson (1932) A.C. 562. 129 Ibid, p. 580. 130 Ibid. 131 Supra, note 123. 132 Supra, note 128. 133 H.R. Moch Co. vs. Rensselaer Water Co., (1928), 159 N.E. 896. The defendant was not held lible for the damages that accrued to the plaintiff's building, the Court of Appeal of New York held that once the rescuer assumes to act, even though done so gratuitously, he is under a duty to act carefully. The hand once set to a task may not be withdrawn with impunity through liability would fail if it had never been applied at all. 134 Ibid, p. 899. 135 Zelenko vs. Gimbel Brothers (1935) 287 N.Y.S. 134. 136 Ibid. 137 For the facts in this case, see Infra p. 24. 138 Horsley vs. McLaren 1970) 2 O.R. 487 at 500. 139 Supra, note 96 at 547. 140 Ibid. 141 Jordan House Ltd. vs. Menow and Honsberger (1974) S.C.R. 239. 142 "When a hotel ejects a drunken patron, it owes a duty of care to the patron to take certain steps to ensure that the patron arrives home safely." Ibid, p. 249. 143 Supra, note 9 at 304. 144 Supra, note 141. 145 Crocker vs. Sundance Northwest Resorts Ltd. 1988 1 S.C.R. (Part 7) 1186. 146 Ibid, p. 1197. 147 Supra, note 145. 148 Fowler vs. State Farm (1986) 485 So. 2d. 168. 149 Ibid, p. 169. 150 Smith vs. Horizon Sports Ltd. (1981) 19 C.C.L.T. 89. 151 Ibid, p. 114. 152 Ibid, p. 115. 153 Supra, note 150. 154 Good Smaritan Act. R.S.B.C. 1979, c. 155. 155 Ibid, s. 1. 156 Ibid, s. 2. 157 Supra, note 154. 158 R. vs. Coyne (1958 124 C.C.C. 176. 159 Supra, note 122. 160 Supra, note 122. 161 "Everyone who undertakes to do an act is under a legal duty to do it if an omission to do the act is or may be dangerous to life." See Martin's Criminal Code (1988) s. 217. 162 "Everyone who undertakes to administer surgical or medical treatment to another person or to do any other lawful acts that may endanger the life of another person, is, except in cases of necessity, under a legal duty to have and to use reasonable care in so doing." Supra, note 161 at s. 216. 163 Law Reform Commission of Canada, Report 31 on the Recodifying of Criminal Law Ottawa: Law Reform Commission of Canada, 1987) at 67. 164 Ibid. 165 Supra, note 122. 166 Supra, note 72. 167 Infra, aT 20. 168 Supra, note 78. 169 Infra, at 21. 170 Supra, note 78. 171 Supra, note 28. 172 Supra, note 49. 173 Supra, note 96. 174 Supra, note 43. 175 Supra, note 11. 176 Supra, note 105. 177 Negligence Act RSBC 1979, c. 298, s. 4. 178 Jobling vs. Associated Daires Ltd. (1980) 2 All E.R. 752 (in Wright, Linden & Klar, Canadian Tort Law, Cases Notes and Materials, at 20-58). 179 Supra, note 178. 180 Supra, note 178 at 20-61. 181 Supra, note 177. 182 Supra, note 105. 183 Supra, note 133. 184 Supra, note 96. 185 Supra, note 138. 186 Supra, note 96. 187 Supra, note 154. 188 Ibid. 189 Hedley Byrne & Co. Ltd. vs. Heller & Partners Ltd. (1963) 2 All E.R. 575. 190 Ibid, p. 575. 191 Infra, p. 43-44. 192 Supra, note 111. 193 Supra, note 111 at s. 10(2). 194 Supra, note 28. 195 Supra, note 28. 196 Supra, note 28. 197 Supra, note 150. 198 Supra, note 150. 199 Supra, p. 48. 200 Supra, note 107. 201 Supra, note 107. 202 Supra, note 107 at 241.
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